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Japan researchers identify gene cluster that could help prevent some cases of Alzheimer's
MAINICHI   | Juni 10, 2025
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A cardio class to ward off dementia is seen taking place at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Tokyo in this partially modified photo.
TOKYO -- A cluster of genes that could open the way to "tailor-made" prevention methods against Alzheimer's based on a person's physical constitution and other factors has been identified by Japanese researchers at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology here.
Among those who are genetically at high risk of developing the disease, exercise and cognitive training can improve cognitive function, the researchers reported in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy on June 10. The results are hoped to be a step toward efficient use of limited health care personnel and budgets.
A moderate amount of exercise and brain training is used at medical facilities and old-age care homes as interventions against dementia. However, the effectiveness of these measures has been seen in some but not others, and the cause of this difference has been little understood.
The researchers analyzed the genomes of 3,962 Alzheimer's disease patients aged 65 to 85 and 4,074 seniors with normal cognitive function, both groups of which were registered in a biobank. They found 12,819 differences in the nucleotide sequences of dementia-related genes, and classified the patients into two groups: those with a genetically high risk of developing the disease and those with a low risk.
The researchers then studied how cognitive function had changed over a one-and-a-half-year period while providing anti-dementia activities such as weekly exercise, nutritional guidance and brain training.
Among those at high risk of developing the disease for whom measures were implemented, the proportion seeing an improvement was 3.6 times higher after six months than among those without the measures, and remained two times higher after both one year and 18 months.
However, for those at low risk of developing the disease, no difference in symptom improvement was observed regardless of countermeasures. There was also no improvement among those with mutations of either the ID3 or LMO1 genes even with the preventative measures. Mutations of ID3 were seen in 36% of test subjects and in 2% for LMO1.
Lead researcher Daichi Shigemizu said, "A new medicine for treating Alzheimer's disease has recently been developed, but its administration is limited, and brain training as a nondrug treatment remains important as a familiar countermeasure. We'd like to increase the number of treatment cases and improve the accuracy of identifying people who are expected to benefit from these measures."
(Japanese original by Yasuyoshi Tanaka, Lifestyle, Science & Environment News Department)
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